The concept of 天性 is a cornerstone of Chinese philosophy, most famously explored in the debate over whether human nature is fundamentally good or evil.
Mencius (孟子, Mèngzǐ): This famous Confucian philosopher championed the idea of 性善论 (xìng shàn lùn), the theory that human 天性 is inherently good. He believed that virtues like compassion and righteousness are innate, and people only become evil due to negative external influences and a failure to cultivate their good nature.
Xunzi (荀子, Xúnzǐ): In contrast, Xunzi argued for 性恶论 (xìng è lùn), the theory that human 天性 is inherently selfish and driven by base desires. He believed that morality is not inborn but must be taught through strict education, social structures, and rituals.
This debate is different from the Western concept of “original sin.” It's less about a fall from grace and more about the starting point for self-cultivation (a key Confucian value). Is the goal of education to protect an inborn good nature (Mencius) or to correct an inborn flawed nature (Xunzi)? This fundamental question about 天性 has shaped Chinese views on education, law, and personal development for millennia.
In modern conversation, 天性 is used to describe a deep-seated, almost unchangeable trait or instinct. It's a way of saying “that's just how they are, naturally.”
Describing People: It can be used for both positive and negative traits. You might say someone is 天性善良 (tiānxìng shànliáng), “naturally kind,” or 天性多疑 (tiānxìng duōyí), “naturally suspicious.” It implies this trait is a core part of their being.
Describing Animals: It's very commonly used to talk about animal instincts. For example, a bird's instinct to fly south for the winter is its 天性.
“Unleashing Your Nature”: The phrase 释放天性 (shìfàng tiānxìng) means “to release one's natural self” or “to let loose.” It's often used when encouraging children to play freely or adults to stop being so inhibited.
Formality & Connotation: The word is generally neutral and has a slightly more profound or literary feel than simply describing a personality trait. Using 天性 suggests you are making an observation about someone's fundamental character.