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| ======霍格沃茨学院====== | ====== xuéyuàn: 学院 - College, Academy, Institute ====== |
| =====简介===== | ===== Quick Summary ===== |
| **学院** (House) 是 [[霍格沃茨魔法学校]] 内部的一种基本社会结构和生活单位。学校共分为四个学院，分别是 **[[格兰芬多]] (Gryffindor)**、**[[赫奇帕奇]] (Hufflepuff)**、**[[拉文克劳]] (Ravenclaw)** 和 **[[斯莱特林]] (Slytherin)**。每一个学院都以其创始人命名，并推崇该创始人所看重的特定品质。学生在入学第一天就会通过 [[分院帽]] 的仪式被分入其中一个学院，在校期间，学院便是他们的家庭，他们与同院的学生一同上课、生活在同一个[[公共休息室]]和宿舍，并共同为学院争取荣誉。 | * **Keywords:** xueyuan, 学院, Chinese for college, academy in Chinese, institute in Chinese, xueyuan vs daxue, Chinese university system, Chinese school, what does xueyuan mean, learn Chinese education terms |
| =====历史与目的===== | * **Summary:** Discover the meaning of **学院 (xuéyuàn)**, a crucial term in the Chinese education system. This page explains how **学院** translates to "college," "academy," or "institute" and clarifies its key difference from **大学 (dàxué)**, or "university." Learn how a **学院** can be both a specialized standalone institution (like a film academy) and a specific school or faculty within a larger university (like the School of Economics). This guide is perfect for students, professionals, and anyone learning Chinese who wants to understand modern education in China. |
| [[霍格沃茨]]的学院系统由四位创始人——[[戈德里克・格兰芬多]]、[[赫尔加・赫奇帕奇]]、[[罗伊纳・拉文克劳]] 和 [[萨拉查・斯莱特林]]——共同创立。他们希望根据学生不同的性格和才能，将他们分到最适合其发展的集体中。 | ===== Core Meaning ===== |
| 然而，四位创始人在招生标准上产生了严重分歧。[[萨拉查・斯莱特林]] 坚持认为只有血统纯正的[[纯血]]巫师才有资格学习魔法，而其他三位创始人则持反对意见，愿意接纳所有具备魔法天赋的学生，包括[[麻瓜]]出身者。这一分歧最终导致[[萨拉查・斯莱特林]]的离开，但他的理念却深深地影响了[[斯莱特林]]学院的传统。为了在他们身后继续执行分院工作，[[戈德里克・格兰芬多]]摘下自己的帽子，四位创始共同为它注入思想，使其成为[[分院帽]]。 | * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** xuéyuàn |
| =====分院仪式===== | * **Part of Speech:** Noun |
| **[[分院仪式]] (Sorting Ceremony)** 是[[霍格沃茨]]每年开学宴会上的首要环节。一年级新生会被逐一叫到名字，戴上[[分院帽]]。[[分院帽]]能够通过[[摄神取念]]探查学生的思想和品质，并根据其最显著的特质将其分入最合适的学院。在某些情况下，如果一个学生同时具备多个学院的特质，[[分院帽]]会尊重学生本人的选择，最著名的例子是[[哈利・波特]]在[[格兰芬多]]和[[斯莱特林]]之间的选择。 | * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 |
| =====四大学院===== | * **Concise Definition:** A college, academy, or institute, often one specializing in a particular field or a constituent school of a university. |
| * **[[格兰芬多]] (Gryffindor)** | * **In a Nutshell:** **学院 (xuéyuàn)** is the Chinese word for an institution of higher learning, but it's more specific than the general English word "college." Think of it in two main ways: 1) A standalone school focused on a specific field, like an art academy or a business institute. 2) A "school" or "college" that is part of a larger university, like the "College of Engineering" at "Peking University." It implies a more focused area of study compared to the broader term **大学 (dàxué)**, which means "university." |
| * **创始人：** [[戈德里克・格兰芬多]] | ===== Character Breakdown ===== |
| * **推崇品质：** //勇气、胆量、气魄和骑士精神// | * **学 (xué):** This character means "to study" or "to learn." Its structure shows a child (`子`) under a roof, symbolizing a place of instruction or shelter for learning. It's the foundational character for anything related to education in Chinese. |
| * **学院标志：** 狮子 | * **院 (yuàn):** This character originally meant a courtyard or compound. It evolved to refer to the buildings or institutions housed within such a compound, such as a hospital (`医院 - yīyuàn`) or a courthouse (`法院 - fǎyuàn`). |
| * **学院颜色：** 猩红色和金色 | * When combined, **学院 (xuéyuàn)** literally means a "study courtyard" or "institution for learning." This perfectly captures its meaning as a designated place for focused, higher-level education. |
| * **学院院长：** [[米勒娃・麦格]] | ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== |
| * **学院幽灵：** [[差点没头的尼克]] | In China, the distinction between a **学院 (xuéyuàn)** and a **大学 (dàxué)** is an important part of the higher education hierarchy. Understanding this difference is key to understanding academic culture. |
| * **公共休息室：** 位于[[格兰芬多塔]]的七楼，入口由[[胖夫人]]的画像守护。 | A **大学 (dàxué)**, or "university," is a comprehensive institution that must meet strict government criteria regarding size, number of disciplines offered (e.g., sciences, humanities, engineering), and research output. It is generally considered the highest tier of institution and is composed of multiple **学院 (xuéyuàn)**. |
| * **著名成员：** [[哈利・波特]]、[[赫敏・格兰杰]]、[[罗恩・韦斯莱]]、[[阿不思・邓布利多]]、[[小天狼星布莱克]] | A **学院 (xuéyuàn)** can be one of two things: |
| * **[[赫奇帕奇]] (Hufflepuff)** | 1. **A Constituent School:** This is the most common usage. For example, Peking University (`北京大学`) has a School of Economics (`经济学院`), a School of Law (`法学院`), etc. In this sense, it's very similar to how colleges function within large American or British universities (e.g., the College of Arts and Sciences at NYU). |
| * **创始人：** [[赫尔加・赫奇帕奇]] | 2. **A Standalone Institution:** This is a college or academy that is not part of a larger university. These are typically smaller and more specialized, focusing on fields like fine arts (`美术学院`), film (`电影学院`), finance (`金融学院`), or music (`音乐学院`). While they might not have the broad prestige of a top `大学`, specialized `学院` like the Beijing Film Academy (`北京电影学院`) are world-renowned and highly competitive in their fields. |
| * **推崇品质：** //努力、耐心、忠诚和公正// | For many standalone `学院`, a major institutional goal is to expand their programs and research capabilities to eventually be "upgraded" to the status of a `大学`. This reflects the cultural value placed on comprehensiveness and scale in the Chinese education system. |
| * **学院标志：** 獾 | ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== |
| * **学院颜色：** 黄色和黑色 | **学院 (xuéyuàn)** is a formal and standard term used constantly in academic and official contexts. |
| * **学院院长：** [[波莫娜・斯普劳特]] | * **In School Names:** It's part of the official name for thousands of institutions, both standalone and as part of universities (e.g., `中央美术学院` - Central Academy of Fine Arts; `清华大学经济管理学院` - Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management). |
| * **学院幽灵：** [[胖修士]] | * **In Daily Conversation:** When students talk about their field of study, they often refer to their specific **学院**. For example, a student might say, “我是外语学院的” (Wǒ shì wàiyǔ xuéyuàn de), meaning "I'm from the School of Foreign Languages." |
| * **公共休息室：** 位于厨房走廊的右侧，藏在一个木桶堆里。 | * **Formality:** The term is neutral and descriptive. It is the correct and formal term to use when referring to these institutions. There isn't an informal or slang equivalent that is widely used. |
| * **著名成员：** [[塞德里克・迪戈里]]、[[尼法朵拉・唐克斯]]、[[纽特・斯卡曼德]] (Pottermore) | ===== Example Sentences ===== |
| * **[[拉文克劳]] (Ravenclaw)** | * **Example 1:** |
| * **创始人：** [[罗伊纳・拉文克劳]] | * 他是北京电影**学院**毕业的。 |
| * **推崇品质：** //智慧、创造力、学识和敏锐// | * Pinyin: Tā shì Běijīng Diànyǐng **Xuéyuàn** bìyè de. |
| * **学院标志：** 鹰 | * English: He graduated from the Beijing Film Academy. |
| * **学院颜色：** 蓝色和青铜色 | * Analysis: This shows **学院** used for a famous, standalone, specialized institution. |
| * **学院院长：** [[菲利乌斯・弗利维]] | * **Example 2:** |
| * **学院幽灵：** [[格雷女士]] ([[海伦娜・拉文克劳]]) | * 我在大学的商**学院**学习市场营销。 |
| * **公共休息室：** 位于[[拉文克劳塔]]的顶端，进入者必须先回答一个鹰状青铜门环提出的谜语。 | * Pinyin: Wǒ zài dàxué de shāng**xuéyuàn** xuéxí shìchǎng yíngxiāo. |
| * **著名成员：** [[卢娜・洛夫古德]]、[[秋・张]]、[[吉德罗・洛哈特]]、[[奎里纳斯・奇洛]] | * English: I study marketing at the university's business school. |
| * **[[斯莱特林]] (Slytherin)** | * Analysis: This demonstrates **学院** as a constituent school (商学院 - business school) within a larger university (大学). |
| * **创始人：** [[萨拉查・斯莱特林]] | * **Example 3:** |
| * **推崇品质：** //抱负、精明、领导才能和足智多谋//，同时也与[[纯血]]优越论有很强的关联。 | * 这个**学院**的计算机科学专业非常有名。 |
| * **学院标志：** 蛇 | * Pinyin: Zhège **xuéyuàn** de jìsuànjī kēxué zhuānyè fēicháng yǒumíng. |
| * **学院颜色：** 绿色和银色 | * English: This college's computer science program is very famous. |
| * **学院院长：** [[西弗勒斯・斯内普]]，后为[[霍拉斯・斯拉格霍恩]] | * Analysis: Here, **学院** refers to the institution as a whole, in a general, descriptive way. |
| * **学院幽灵：** [[血人巴罗]] | * **Example 4:** |
| * **公共休息室：** 位于[[霍格沃茨]]的地下教室，在黑湖湖底。 | * 你是哪个**学院**的？ |
| * **著名成员：** [[汤姆・里德尔]] ([[伏地魔]])、[[德拉科・马尔福]]、[[贝拉特里克斯・莱斯特兰奇]]、[[西弗勒斯・斯内普]] | * Pinyin: Nǐ shì nǎge **xuéyuàn** de? |
| =====学院竞争===== | * English: Which school/college are you in? |
| 学院之间的竞争是[[霍格沃茨]]生活的重要组成部分，主要体现在两个方面： | * Analysis: A common question asked between university students to learn about each other's field of study. |
| * **[[学院杯]] (House Cup):** 学生通过在课堂上表现出色、完成特殊贡献等行为为自己的学院赢得加分，而违反校规、顶撞教授等行为则会被扣分。学年结束时，得分最高的学院将赢得[[学院杯]]的荣誉。 | * **Example 5:** |
| * **[[魁地奇杯]] (Quidditch Cup):** 每个学院都有一支[[魁地奇]]球队，在学年间进行循环赛。赢得冠军的学院将获得[[魁地奇杯]]，这是学生们极为看重的荣誉。 | * 每年都有很多学生想考入这所音乐**学院**。 |
| =====在故事中的作用===== | * Pinyin: Měi nián dōu yǒu hěnduō xuéshēng xiǎng kǎorù zhè suǒ yīnyuè **xuéyuàn**. |
| 学院系统是《哈利・波特》系列故事的核心设定之一。它不仅为角色提供了归属感和身份认同，也制造了贯穿全书的竞争与对立，尤其是[[格兰芬多]]与[[斯莱特林]]之间长达几个世纪的宿怨。这种对立在[[哈利・波特]]和[[德拉科・马尔福]]的个人恩怨中得到了集中体现。 | * English: Every year, many students want to get into this music academy. |
| 然而，故事也通过角色（如[[西弗勒斯・斯内普]]）和事件（如[[第二次巫师战争]]）挑战了学院的刻板印象，表明一个人的品质和选择远比他所在的学院重要。在[[霍格沃茨之战]]中，尽管许多[[斯莱特林]]学生最初选择离开，但最终仍有部分人（在[[霍拉斯・斯拉格霍恩]]的带领下）返回参战，与其他学院的师生共同对抗[[伏地魔]]和[[食死徒]]。 | * Analysis: The measure word for a school is `所 (suǒ)`. This example shows **学院** referring to a specific type of academy. |
| =====其他魔法学校的学院===== | * **Example 6:** |
| * **[[伊法魔尼]] (Ilvermorny):** 位于北美的魔法学校，同样拥有四个学院，分别是：长角水蛇、猫豹、雷鸟和地精。（Pottermore） | * 我们**学院**的图书馆在校园的北边。 |
| * **[[布斯巴顿]] (Beauxbatons) 与 [[德姆斯特朗]] (Durmstrang):** 在原著中，没有明确证据表明这两所学校拥有与[[霍格沃茨]]类似的学院系统。 | * Pinyin: Wǒmen **xuéyuàn** de túshūguǎn zài xiàoyuán de běibian. |
| =====幕后信息===== | * English: Our school's/college's library is on the north side of campus. |
| * 在电影改编中，[[拉文克劳]]学院的代表色被改为蓝色和银色，其标志也从书中的鹰改为了乌鸦。这是电影系列最显著的设定改动之一，原著中明确其标志为鹰，颜色为蓝与青铜。 | * Analysis: Used by a student to refer to their specific faculty or school within a university. |
| * J.K. 罗琳在 Pottermore 网站上发布了关于四大创始人以及分院仪式的更多背景故事，并设计了官方的[[分院帽]]测试，让读者可以了解自己属于哪个学院。 | * **Example 7:** |
| | * 他们的目标是在五年内把这个**学院**建成一所综合性大学。 |
| | * Pinyin: Tāmen de mùbiāo shì zài wǔ nián nèi bǎ zhège **xuéyuàn** jiànchéng yī suǒ zōnghéxìng dàxué. |
| | * English: Their goal is to develop this college into a comprehensive university within five years. |
| | * Analysis: This sentence directly highlights the cultural and administrative distinction between a `学院` and a `大学`. |
| | * **Example 8:** |
| | * 欢迎各位来到我们**学院**参加今天的会议。 |
| | * Pinyin: Huānyíng gèwèi láidào wǒmen **xuéyuàn** cānjiā jīntiān de huìyì. |
| | * English: Welcome, everyone, to our institute for today's conference. |
| | * Analysis: A formal use of **学院**, suitable for official speeches or welcoming remarks. |
| | * **Example 9:** |
| | * 他被一所军事**学院**录取了。 |
| | * Pinyin: Tā bèi yī suǒ jūnshì **xuéyuàn** lùqǔ le. |
| | * English: He was admitted to a military academy. |
| | * Analysis: Shows how **学院** can be modified to describe various types of specialized institutions. |
| | * **Example 10:** |
| | * 这位教授来自我们学校的文**学院**。 |
| | * Pinyin: Zhè wèi jiàoshòu láizì wǒmen xuéxiào de wén**xuéyuàn**. |
| | * English: This professor is from our university's College of Liberal Arts. |
| | * Analysis: `文学院` (wénxuéyuàn) is a common name for the College of Liberal Arts or Humanities. |
| | ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== |
| | **The #1 Most Common Mistake: Confusing 学院 (xuéyuàn) and 大学 (dàxué)** |
| | For English speakers, the words "college" and "university" are often used interchangeably. This is not the case in Chinese. |
| | * **大学 (dàxué):** University. Refers to a large, comprehensive institution with multiple faculties and disciplines. You would say `我上大学` (wǒ shàng dàxué) to mean "I go to university/college" in a general sense. |
| | * **学院 (xuéyuàn):** College/Academy/Institute. Refers to a more specialized institution or a specific school **within** a university. |
| | **Incorrect Usage:** |
| | * **Mistake:** Saying `我上学院` (wǒ shàng xuéyuàn) to mean "I'm a college student." |
| | * **Why it's wrong:** This sounds unnatural and incomplete. It's like saying "I attend faculty" in English. The listener would immediately ask, "Which `学院`?" |
| | * **Correct Usage:** `我上大学` (Wǒ shàng dàxué - I'm a university student) or specify the school: `我在北京语言大学上学` (Wǒ zài Běijīng Yǔyán Dàxué shàngxué - I study at Beijing Language and Culture University). If you want to mention your specific college within the university, you'd say `我是语言学院的` (Wǒ shì yǔyán xuéyuàn de - I'm in the college of linguistics). |
| | Think of it as a hierarchy: |
| | **大学 (University) > 学院 (College/School) > 系 (Department) > 专业 (Major)** |
| | ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== |
| | * [[大学]] (dàxué) - University. A larger, more comprehensive institution that contains multiple `学院`. This is the most important term to contrast with `学院`. |
| | * [[学校]] (xuéxiào) - School. A general term that can refer to any educational institution, from elementary school to university. `学院` is a type of `学校`. |
| | * [[系]] (xì) - Department. A subdivision of a `学院`. For example, the School of Foreign Languages (`外语学院`) might contain the English Department (`英语系`) and the French Department (`法语系`). |
| | * [[专业]] (zhuānyè) - Major / Specialization. The specific subject you study, such as `计算机科学专业` (computer science major). Your `专业` is within a `系` or `学院`. |
| | * [[研究院]] (yánjiūyuàn) - Graduate School / Research Institute. A higher-level institution focused on master's, doctoral, and post-doctoral research. |
| | * [[校园]] (xiàoyuán) - Campus. The physical grounds of a school, college, or university. |
| | * [[学生]] (xuésheng) - Student. |
| | * [[教授]] (jiàoshòu) - Professor. |