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--- 交通工具 [2025/07/31 16:02] – 创建 xiaoer
+++ 交通工具 [2025/08/13 19:43] (current) – created xiaoer
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-======巫师世界的交通工具======
+====== jiāotōng gōngjù: 交通工具 - Transportation, Vehicle, Means of Transport ======
-=====简介=====
+===== Quick Summary =====
-在巫师世界中，由于需要对[[麻瓜]]社会保密，魔法界发展出了一套独立、多样且高效的交通系统。这些交通方式不仅解决了长短途旅行的需求，其本身也常常蕴含着强大的魔法，并受到[[魔法部]]的严格监管。巫师们的交通选择范围极广，包括个人化的魔法物品、受管制的公共交通网络、被驯服的[[魔法生物]]，以及高阶的魔法咒语。这些交通工具的选择往往取决于距离、目的、使用者年龄、法律限制以及保密需求。
+  * **Keywords:** 交通工具, jiaotong gongju, transportation in Chinese, vehicle in Chinese, means of transport, how to say car bus train in Chinese, Chinese transportation words, HSK 4 vocabulary
-=====魔法物品与道具=====
+  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese term **交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)**, which means "means of transport" or "vehicle." This page breaks down this formal but fundamental word, explaining how it covers everything from high-speed trains to shared bikes. Discover how to use it correctly in context, avoid common mistakes, and understand its significance in the fast-paced world of modern China.
-  * **[[飞天扫帚]] (Broomstick):** 最普及的个人交通工具，也是[[魁地奇]]运动的基础。从家用的[[横扫系列]]到竞赛级的[[光轮系列]]和[[火弩箭]]，扫帚的性能和价格差异巨大。骑扫帚飞行是[[霍格沃茨]]一年级学生的必修课之一。
+===== Core Meaning =====
-  * **[[飞路网]] (The Floo Network):** 一个连接了巫师界几乎所有壁炉的古老交通网络。使用者向壁炉中投入一把[[飞路粉]]，火焰变为绿色后，清晰地喊出目的地，即可被传送到目标壁炉。[[飞路网]]由[[魔法部]]的飞路网管理局负责监控和管理，未接入网络的壁炉无法使用。
+  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jiāotōng gōngjù
-  * **[[门钥匙]] (Portkey):** 将日常物品施以魔法，使其能在预定时间将触摸到的任何人或群体传送到指定地点的交通工具。[[门钥匙]]的制作受到[[魔法部]]交通运输司的严格管制，通常用于无法[[幻影移形]]或使用[[飞路网]]的大规模、定点旅行，例如前往[[魁地奇世界杯]]赛场。传送过程的感觉被描述为“肚脐眼后面好像有个钩子在猛地往前拽”。
+  * **Part of Speech:** Noun
-  * **[[消失柜]] (Vanishing Cabinet):** 一对可以互通的柜子，将一件物体放入其中一个，它就会立即出现在另一个柜子中。这是一种极其不稳定的交通方式。在《哈利・波特与“混血王子”》中，[[德拉科・马尔福]]修复了[[霍格沃茨]][[有求必应屋]]里的消失柜，并利用它与[[博金-博克商店]]里的另一个配对柜子，成功将[[食死徒]]引入了[[霍格沃茨城堡]]。
+  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4
-=====公共交通系统=====
+  * **Concise Definition:** A collective term for all means of transport, vehicles, and modes of transportation.
-  * **[[霍格沃茨特快列车]] (Hogwarts Express):** 一辆深红色的蒸汽火车，在每个学期的始末往返于伦敦[[国王十字车站]]的[[九又四分之三站台]]和[[霍格莫德车站]]之间，是[[霍格沃茨]]学生往返学校的主要交通工具。
+  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)** as the official, categorical name for anything that gets you from point A to point B. While in English you might just say "transport," this Chinese term specifically refers to the actual //tools// or //vehicles// used. It's a bit like the category heading "Vehicles" in a dictionary or on a form. You'll see it in writing and formal speech much more often than you'll use it in casual conversation.
-  * **[[骑士公共汽车]] (Knight Bus):** 为陷入困境的女巫和巫师提供紧急交通服务的紫色三层巴士。它可以在英国境内任何地方（水下除外）行驶，速度极快，车内的物体会随着巴士的急刹和转向而滑动。该车售票员是[[斯坦・桑帕克]]，司机是[[厄恩・普兰]]。
+===== Character Breakdown =====
-  * **[[霍格沃茨]]马车 (Hogwarts Carriages):** 负责将抵达[[霍格莫德车站]]的学生从车站接到[[霍格沃茨城堡]]门口的马车。这些马车由[[夜骐]]拉动，只有亲眼目睹过死亡的人才能看见它们。对看不见[[夜骐]]的学生来说，这些马车就像是自己在移动。
+  * **交 (jiāo):** To cross, intersect, connect, or exchange.
-=====魔法咒语与方法=====
+  * **通 (tōng):** To go through, to be open, to connect.
-  * **[[幻影移形]] (Apparition):** 一种高阶魔法，能让使用者瞬间从一个地点消失并出现在另一个地点。学习者必须年满十七岁并通过[[魔法部]]的考试才能获得执照。[[幻影移形]]难度很高，若施展不当可能导致“身体部位分裂”(Splinching) 的可怕事故。[[霍格沃茨]]的场地内被施加了反[[幻影移形]]咒，任何人都无法在城堡和场地上移入或移出。
+    * **交通 (jiāotōng):** Together, these two characters form the word for "traffic" or "transportation" as a system or concept. It's the flow and connection of movement.
-    * 旁系咒语 **[[随从显形]] (Side-Along Apparition)** 允许施咒者带着其他人一同进行[[幻影移形]]。
+  * **工 (gōng):** Work, labor, or skill. By extension, it can mean a tool.
-  * **[[飞行]] (Unsupported Flight):** 一种极为罕见且强大的黑魔法，允许巫师在不借助任何物品（如[[飞天扫帚]]）的情况下自由飞行。这种魔法由[[伏地魔]]首创，后来他也将此能力传授给了[[西弗勒斯・斯内普]]。
+  * **具 (jù):** A tool, device, or utensil.
-=====魔法生物=====
+    * **工具 (gōngjù):** Together, these two mean "tool" or "instrument."
-  * **[[夜骐]] (Thestral):** 拥有龙的头、马的身体和蝙蝠般翅膀的魔法生物。尽管外表骇人，但它们本性温和。除了拉动[[霍格沃茨]]马车，它们也是一种速度极快的空中坐骑。在《哈利・波特与凤凰社》中，[[邓布利多军]]的成员们骑着[[夜骐]]从[[霍格沃茨]]飞往伦敦的[[魔法部]]。
+When you combine **交通 (jiāotōng)** and **工具 (gōngjù)**, you literally get "traffic tool" or "transportation instrument." This perfectly describes its meaning: the tools we use for transportation.
-  * **[[鹰头马身有翼兽]] (Hippogriff):** 一种拥有巨鹰头部和前腿、马的身体和后腿的神奇生物。它们非常高傲，需要以尊重的态度接近。一旦赢得其信任，[[鹰头马身有翼兽]]便是忠诚而强大的飞行坐骑。[[哈利・波特]]和[[赫敏・格兰杰]]曾骑乘[[巴克比克]]救出了[[小天狼星・布莱克]]。
+===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
-  * **[[龙]] (Dragon):** 虽然极度危险且通常不被用作交通工具，但在极端情况下，龙可以成为强大的坐骑。哈利、罗恩和赫敏曾骑着一头从[[古灵阁]]地底金库逃出来的乌克兰铁肚皮龙成功越狱。
+While **交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)** is a practical term, its context is deeply tied to modern Chinese society. China has undergone one of the most rapid and extensive transportation transformations in human history. The sheer variety and scale of **交通工具** available are a source of national pride and a daily reality for its citizens.
-=====麻瓜交通工具的魔法改造=====
+In many Western cultures, particularly American culture, the "car" is a symbol of freedom and individualism. While car ownership is rising in China, the cultural mindset is often more collective. The efficiency and development of public transportation—high-speed rail (高铁), subways (地铁), and extensive bus networks (公交)—are central to the functioning of society. Therefore, the concept of **交通工具** is often discussed in the context of public systems and infrastructure rather than just personal property. Thinking in terms of a broad category of transportation "tools" is more natural when your daily commute might involve a shared bike, a subway, and a bus.
-  * **会飞的福特安格利亚车 (Flying Ford Anglia):** 由[[亚瑟・韦斯莱]]非法改造的一辆[[麻瓜]]汽车。他为其施加了飞行咒和隐形咒。哈利和罗恩在二年级时曾驾驶它从伦敦飞往[[霍格沃茨]]。这辆车后来在[[禁林]]中获得了某种野生意识。
+===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
-  * **[[小天狼星・布莱克]]的摩托车 (Sirius Black's Flying Motorbike):** 一辆被施了飞行咒的摩托车，原属于[[小天狼星・布莱克]]。[[鲁伯・海格]]曾借用它将年幼的哈利送到[[女贞路]]，并在“七个波特”之战中再次使用它护送哈利。
+This term is more formal and is used most often in written or official contexts.
-=====其他交通方式=====
+  * **Written Language & News:** You'll frequently see **交通工具** in news reports about new transportation policies, on travel websites, or in public announcements at stations. (e.g., "禁止携带易燃易爆品上任何公共交通工具" - "Flammable and explosive items are forbidden on all public transport vehicles.")
-  * **[[德姆斯特朗]]大船 (Durmstrang Ship):** 在[[三强争霸赛]]期间，[[德姆斯特朗魔法学校]]的代表团乘坐一艘宏伟的魔法大船抵达[[霍格沃茨]]。这艘船可以直接从水中浮现，停泊在学校的湖里。
+  * **Formal Questions:** When asking about transportation options in a general sense, you might use this term. For example, when asking a hotel concierge, "这个城市有哪些公共交通工具?" (What kinds of public transportation are there in this city?).
-  * **[[布斯巴顿]]马车 (Beauxbatons' Carriage):** [[布斯巴顿魔法学院]]的代表团乘坐一辆由十二匹带翼的巨型帕洛米诺马拉动的巨型浅蓝色马车抵达[[霍格沃茨]]。这辆马车尺寸如同房屋，降落时气势惊人。
+  * **Casual Conversation:** In everyday chat, it's far more common to name the specific vehicle. Instead of saying "我的交通工具是地铁" (My means of transport is the subway), a native speaker would simply say "我坐地铁上班" (I take the subway to work). Using the full term **交通工具** in this context would sound unnatural and overly formal, like saying "I will utilize a combustion-engine vehicle to go to the store" instead of "I'll drive to the store."
+===== Example Sentences =====
+  * **Example 1:**
+    * 飞机是最快的**交通工具**。
+    * Pinyin: Fēijī shì zuì kuài de **jiāotōng gōngjù**.
+    * English: Airplanes are the fastest means of transport.
+    * Analysis: A simple, factual statement categorizing an airplane. This is a very common and standard use of the term.
+  * **Example 2:**
+    * 在大城市，公共**交通工具**比私家车更方便。
+    * Pinyin: Zài dà chéngshì, gōnggòng **jiāotōng gōngjù** bǐ sījiāchē gèng fāngbiàn.
+    * English: In big cities, public transportation is more convenient than private cars.
+    * Analysis: This example shows the term used to refer to a whole category (public transport) in a comparative sentence.
+  * **Example 3:**
+    * 你去上海打算用什么**交通工具**？
+    * Pinyin: Nǐ qù Shànghǎi dǎsuàn yòng shénme **jiāotōng gōngjù**?
+    * English: What means of transportation are you planning to use to go to Shanghai?
+    * Analysis: A good example of a formal or planning-related question. The speaker is asking about the mode of travel (plane, train, etc.).
+  * **Example 4:**
+    * 共享单车是一种环保的**交通工具**。
+    * Pinyin: Gòngxiǎng dānchē shì yī zhǒng huánbǎo de **jiāotōng gōngjù**.
+    * English: Shared bikes are an environmentally friendly means of transport.
+    * Analysis: This sentence uses **交通工具** to define a modern phenomenon, the shared bike, within a broader category.
+  * **Example 5:**
+    * 古时候，马车是主要的**交通工具**。
+    * Pinyin: Gǔ shíhòu, mǎchē shì zhǔyào de **jiāotōng gōngjù**.
+    * English: In ancient times, horse-drawn carriages were the main means of transport.
+    * Analysis: This shows the term's utility in a historical context.
+  * **Example 6:**
+    * 这家博物馆展示了不同年代的**交通工具**。
+    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā bówùguǎn zhǎnshìle bùtóng niándài de **jiāotōng gōngjù**.
+    * English: This museum displays vehicles from different eras.
+    * Analysis: Here, the term is used to describe the theme of a collection.
+  * **Example 7:**
+    * 为了减少污染，政府鼓励市民使用绿色**交通工具**。
+    * Pinyin: Wèile jiǎnshǎo wūrǎn, zhèngfǔ gǔlì shìmín shǐyòng lǜsè **jiāotōng gōngjù**.
+    * English: To reduce pollution, the government encourages citizens to use "green" (eco-friendly) means of transport.
+    * Analysis: A typical example from a news report or government announcement.
+  * **Example 8:**
+    * 船也是一种重要的水上**交通工具**。
+    * Pinyin: Chuán yěshì yī zhǒng zhòngyào de shuǐshàng **jiāotōng gōngjù**.
+    * English: Boats are also an important means of water transportation.
+    * Analysis: Demonstrates how you can add specifiers like "水上" (on the water) to describe the type of transportation.
+  * **Example 9:**
+    * 你能列出五种不同的**交通工具**吗？
+    * Pinyin: Nǐ néng lièchū wǔ zhǒng bùtóng de **jiāotōng gōngjù** ma?
+    * English: Can you list five different types of vehicles?
+    * Analysis: A question that might be asked in a classroom or a language test, directly asking for examples within the category.
+  * **Example 10:**
+    * 任何**交通工具**上都禁止吸烟。
+    * Pinyin: Rènhé **jiāotōng gōngjù** shàng dōu jìnzhǐ xīyān.
+    * English: Smoking is prohibited on any and all vehicles.
+    * Analysis: A formal rule or regulation. The use of "任何" (any) with **交通工具** makes the rule comprehensive.
+===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
+  * **Mistake 1: Overuse in Casual Speech.**
+    * A learner might say: "我最喜欢的交通工具是自行车。" (Wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jiāotōng gōngjù shì zìxíngchē.)
+    * While grammatically correct, it sounds stilted, like saying "My favorite transportation apparatus is the bicycle."
+    * **Correction:** A native speaker would say, "我最喜欢骑自行车。" (Wǒ zuì xǐhuān qí zìxíngchē. - I most like to ride a bike.) In conversation, focus on the verb (坐 zuò - to take, 骑 qí - to ride, 开 kāi - to drive) rather than the categorical noun.
+  * **Mistake 2: Confusing `交通工具` with `交通`.**
+    * `交通 (jiāotōng)` refers to the abstract concept of "traffic" or the "transportation system."
+    * `交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)` refers to the //physical vehicles// themselves.
+    * **Incorrect:** "北京的交通工具很堵。" (Běijīng de jiāotōng gōngjù hěn dǔ.) This means "Beijing's vehicles are very congested," which is awkward.
+    * **Correct:** "北京的交通很堵。" (Běijīng de jiāotōng hěn dǔ.) - "Beijing's traffic is very congested."
+    * **Correct:** "北京有很多种公共交通工具。" (Běijīng yǒu hěnduō zhǒng gōnggòng jiāotōng gōngjù.) - "Beijing has many kinds of public transport vehicles."
+===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
+  * [[交通]] (jiāotōng) - The broader, abstract concept of traffic and transportation systems.
+  * [[公共交通]] (gōnggòng jiāotōng) - Public transportation (as a system). Can be shortened to [[公交]] (gōngjiāo).
+  * [[车辆]] (chēliàng) - A formal, written word for "vehicles," specifically wheeled ones. More specific than **交通工具**.
+  * [[地铁]] (dìtiě) - Subway, metro. A specific type of **交通工具**.
+  * [[公交车]] (gōngjiāochē) - Public bus. A specific type of **交通工具**.
+  * [[高铁]] (gāotiě) - High-speed rail. A hallmark of modern Chinese transportation.
+  * [[出租车]] (chūzūchē) - Taxi. Also called [[的士]] (díshì) in some regions.
+  * [[自行车]] (zìxíngchē) - Bicycle.
+  * [[坐]] (zuò) - (to sit) The verb used for "taking" or "riding" most vehicles where you sit inside (bus, train, plane, car).
+  * [[骑]] (qí) - (to ride) The verb used for vehicles you straddle (bike, motorcycle, horse).